英语共有48个音标，其中辅音音标28个，元音音标20个。

记得我们小学认字的时候就是从拼音开始，英语中的音标就充当了汉字中的拼音角色，辅音相当于声母，元音相当于韵母。

先来看元音音标，里面包括12个单元音和8个双元音。

长元音：[i:] [a:] [כ:] [u:] [ə:]

短元音：[i] [ʌ] [ə] [u] [כ] [e] [æ]

双元音：
[ai] [ei] [כi] [iə] [eə] [uə] [əu] [au]


辅音音标：分为清辅音和浊辅音，清辅音发音时声带不振动，浊辅音发音时声带振动。
清辅音：
[p][t][k][f][s][θ][∫][ts] [t∫][tr][h]
浊辅音：
[b][d][g][v][z][ ð][ ʒ] [dz] [dʒ] [dr]
[r][m][n][ŋ][w][j] [l]

❤️单元音12个
/i:/
bee/bi:/ feet/fi:t/ keep/ki:p/ key/ki:/ team/ti:m/ meet/mi:t/
we police field believe

22'

/i/
it /it/ big/big/ city/siti/ give/giv/
sick/sik/
money happy monkey

17'

/e/
get/get/ best/best/ text/tekst/
help/help/

29'

/æ/
fat/fæt/ have/hæv/ cat/kæt/
back/bæk/ hat/hæt/

33'

/a:/
laugh/la:f/ glass/gla:s/ half/ha:f/ farm/fa:m/ park/pa:k/

30'

/ ʌ /
must/mʌst/ does/dʌz/ money/′mʌni/ ugly/′ʌgli/ come/kʌm/
mother/′mʌ ð ə/ country/′kʌntri/
young / jʌ ŋ /
touch enough

26'

/ ɔ:/
horse/hɔ: s/ saw/sɔ:/ corn/kɔ:n/ course/kɔ:s/ salt/sɔ:t/

25'

/ ɔ /
dog/dɔg/ pot/pɔt/ cost/kɔst/
what/wɔt/ honest/′ɔnist/

34'

/u:/
food/fu:d/ moon/mu:n/ rule/ru:l/ loose/lu:s/ noon/nu:n/ soon/su:n/

16'

/u/
book/buk/ put/put/ good/gud/ would/wud/ should/ ʃ ud/
could/kud/

15'

/ə:/
nurse/nə:s/ bird/bə:d/ burn/bə:n/
turn/tə:n/ girl/gə:l/
person work word

17'

/ə /
better/betə/ never/nevə/
worker/wə:kə/ welcome/welkəm/

10'

❤️双元音8个
/ei/
may/mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/eidʒ/
they hey rain

44'

/ai/
eye/ai/ time/taim/ buy/bai/ right/rait/ bike/baik/ kite/kait/ fly my

40'

/ɔi/
boy/bɔi/ toy/tɔi/ noise/nɔiz/
voice/vɔis/ point/pɔint/ coin/kɔin/
soil join

42'

/əu/
no/nəu/ home/həum/ hope/həup/ wrote/rəut/ note/nəut/ pose/pəuz/ window tomorrow hold cold fold

60'

/au/
now/nau/ out/aut/ how/hau/
about/ ə′baut/ south/sauθ/
house/haus/

38'

4. /ei/ /ai/ /ɔi/ /əu/ /au/
/keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /prəpəuz/
/′məuʃən/ /stəun/ /′əuvə/ /sait/
kape great main propose
motion stone over sight

/raim/ /daut/ /′taipist/ /aut/
/mɔist/ /′ɔistə/
rhyme doubt typist out
moist oyster

/iə/
ear/iə/ near/niə/ idea/ai′diə/
hear/hiə/ mere/miə/ spear/spiə/ really here deer dear here fear

/εə/
air/εə/ tear/tεə/ care/kεə/ dare/dεə/ fair/fεə/ there/ðεə/ chair/ tʃεə/

/uə/
poor/puə/ sure/ʃuə/ tour/tuə/ tourist

5./iə/ /ɛə/ /uə/
/viə/ /ə′fɛə/ /dɛə/ /skɛə/ /buən/
veer affair dare scare bourn

/guəd/ /′ruərəl/ /ə′piə/ /kəlʌmbiə/
gourd rural appear Colombia

❤️辅音28个
/p/
pea/pi:/ pie/pai/ top/tɔp/ cap/kæp/ people/pi:pl/ pride/praid/

/b/
bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/blæk/ bear/bεə/

/t/
let/let/ sat/sæt/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid/

/d/
led/led/ sad/sæd/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/diə/

/k/
lack/læk/ take/teik/ clock/klɔk/ duck chick comic class/kla:s/ weekend/′wi:kend/ school Chritmas

/g/
big/big/ leg/leg/ glass/gla:s/ gum/gʌm/ good/gud/ guest/gest/ guess

/f/
face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/
surf/sə:f/ favorite/′feivərit/ laugh cough enough photo phone

/v/
very/′veri/ five/faiv/ fever/′fi:və/ serve/sə:v/ never/′nevə/ of/ɔv/

/θ/
bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡) thick/θik/
mouth/mauθ/ breath/breθ/(n呼吸)
thought/θɔ:t/ author/´ɔ;θə/
truth/tru:θ/
month think thin three south

/ð/
the/ ðə/ they/ðei/ that/ðæt/ mother/′mʌðə/ thus/ ðʌs/ then/ðen/
together them there their
father brother this

6./θ/ /ð/
/mʌnθ/ /θi:f/ /ðæt/ /ðæn/ /feiθ/
/tə′geðə/ /θæŋk/ /ðəm′selvz/
month thief that than faith together thank themselves

/s/
face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/kæps/ likes/laiks/ stops/stɔps/

/z/
close/kləuz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/bɔiz/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/ cleans easy busy

/tʃ/
catch/kætʃ/ cheep/tʃi:p/ rich/ritʃ/ watch/wɔtʃ/ child/tʃaild/ question/′kwestʃən/ teach/ti:tʃ/ challenge/′tʃlindʒ/ nature picture

/dʒ/
orange/′ɔridʒ/ large/la:dʒ/ juice/dʒu:s/ job/dʒɔb/ age June July

/tr/
tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/
trouble/′trʌbl/ track/træk /

/dr/
dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/driŋk/ hundred/′hʌndrid/

/ʃ/
she/ʃi:/ sharp/ʃa:p/ fish/fiʃ/
shock/ʃɔk/ shoe/ʃu:/
sure shelf should

/ʒ/
pleasure/′pleʒə/ measure/′meʒə/ television/′teliviʒən/

/ts/
let′s/lets/ sports/spɔ:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/ that’s

/dz/
hands/hændz/ birds/bə:dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/ stands/stændz/

/h/
he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/
heard/hə:d/ half/ha:f/

/l/
like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/lə:n/
lead/li:d/ light/lait/

/m/
my/mai/ more/mɔ:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/ men/men/

/n/ nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/
know knee

/ŋ/
sing/siŋ/ wing/wiŋ/ ring/riŋ/
long/lɔŋ/ beautiful/bju:təfl/

/j/
you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/
music/′mju:zik/ student/′stju:dnt/ excuse/ik′skju:z/

/w/
work/wə:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/wɔt/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/

/r/
red/red/ road/rəud/ write/rait/ wrong/rɔŋ/ problem/′prɔbləm/